Philisophical Background of The Stranger Essay - 1436 Words

Camus’ The Stranger Its Philosophical Background Albert Camus’ novel, The Stranger, appealed to a younger European generation that was trying to find its view of life after the tragedies of WWII and Nazism. Though he eventually came to more mature notions of how a human being should act before his tragic death from a accident in 1960, Camus always believed in the ideas expressed in The Stranger that man must find his own meaning in life, separate from religious or political doctrine. While he was brought up a Catholic, he largely rejected religious authority and he opposed any rigid political authority because of his experiences with totalitarianism. Marxism and Communism were popular political ideas in France at the time, but Camus†¦show more content†¦Existentialism emphasized the freedoms that humans have and the need to exercise their individual human will in responsible ways. His philosophy tended to be atheistic and Camus himself rejected all religion. The existentialists borrowed many of their basic ideas fr om the 19th century German Nietzsche, although there also were Christian types of existentialism derived from the work of Kierkegaard. Existentialism reacted against more standard philosophies such as rationalism and empiricism that looked to find some order in the universe and in human affairs. The atheist Mersault’s denial of any rational meaning to his life represents this idea in fictionalized form Camus’ philosophy seems to have come out of his personal experience. He grew up poor in Algeria but seemed to recognize from a young age that even the poor could appreciate the beauty of nature. It has been noted, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica that his early essays were â€Å"intensely lyrical meditations on the Algerian countryside. He valued natural beauty as something even poor people like himself could enjoy.† His early writings also â€Å"contrast the fragile mortality of human beings with the enduring nature of the physical world.† Camusâ⠂¬â„¢ interest in the physical world, as opposed to social life or emotions, is well displayed in The Stranger. In the novel, Mersault is interested in reactions of his own body, his sexual

Change in Russia Following the 1917 Revolution - 1035 Words

The Russian Socialist Party, the Bolsheviks brought about dramatic changes in Russian society following the 1917 Revolution. They took advantage of the unique time and place and once they had gained control of Russia they were willing to go to any lengths to ensure they remained in power and their Socialist ideals were put into action. The social organisation in Russia was an unjust system of autocracy, resulting in a majority of discontent. Russian society consisted of large amounts of peasants who owned a small amount of the land but made up the greatest proportion of the population. Socialism, and thus the Bolsheviks, was seen as a great attraction as dramatic change was what the majority wanted to see to change this unfair social†¦show more content†¦This did not mean that the Bolsheviks, now Communists, did not have enemies. Enemies who were determined that the party should not remain in power for long. 1918 was the beginning of a civil war between the Reds (Communists) and the Whites ( Bolshevik opponents) which was to tear Russia apart. To keep the Red Army supplied Lenin instituted war communism. Society suffered as it meant food supplies were low and industry production fell as workers left the cities. By 1921 this policy had left the Russian economy in ruins, cities were in chaos and agricultural production had collapsed resulting in famine. The Bolsheviks had take power with little resistance and quickly instituted many changes to the system of government and social organisation of Russia. However, a large percentage of the Russian population did not believe the Bolsheviks should govern Russia. The Reds single-minded belief that they were in the right and their unity allowed them to win the Civil War and firmly entrench themselves in government. The social organisation in Russia was changed radically once the Bolsheviks seized power. Women and men became equal, maximum eight-hour day was implemented, workers insurance was established and everyone became equal as class distinctions were abolished. Even so, harsh standards of living had to be endured under the policy of war communism- the brutality of the new government quickly became apparent with the Red Terror. The Communists under theShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesRussian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. Read, Christopher. From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. pp. 6, 63. Christopher Read, the author of the book From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21, is a professor at the University of Warwick in Europe. Read teaches twentieth-century European history. He specializes in the social history of the Russian Revolution and the intellectual historyRead MoreThe Enormous Impacts of World War I984 Words   |  4 PagesTriple Entente made up of Great Britain, France and Russia. Short-term instigators of the war include the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by the Serbian terrorist group the Black Hand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Murdering Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife resulted in the German declaration of war on August 1 and many of the great world powers in outrage. Uniting the world with a war will inevitably lead to a radical change in society but there are some unique elements understandRead More‚Äà ºLeft Wing Single Party States Achieve Power as the Result of a Revolutionary Proc ess Against Tradition.‚Äà ¹ Does This Adequately Explain How Any One Single Party State That You Have Studied Acquired Power?1683 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 18 March 2013 â€Å"Left Wing single party states achieve power as the result of a revolutionary process against tradition.† Does this adequately explain how any one single party state that you have studied acquired power? In 1917, a revolution took place in Russia that overthrew the traditional Tsarist regime and brought a single party state, the Bolshevik Party, into power. The Bolshevik party harnessed the revolutionary spirit from the overthrow of the Tsarist regime in order to overthrowRead MoreThe Bolshevik Revolution, By Edward Carr1578 Words   |  7 PagesIn his work The Bolshevik Revolution, Edward Carr expands through a detailed historical account how exactly it was that the Russian councils took power in October 1917. Sociological frameworks will also allow for a deeper understanding of the social unrest that led to the culmination of the October Revolution of 1917 and the unintended consequence of the bureaucratization of the state. To fully comprehend the events that led the council to take power, it is necessary to acknowledge both the institutionalRead MoreCauses of the Russian Revolution Essay622 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of the Russian Revolution Consider the following causes of the October 1917 Russian Revolution: Poor Living and Working Conditions Effects of the First World War The Appeal of Lenin and the Bolsheviks The Limitations of the 1917 Provisional Government Was any one of these causes more important than the others to the Bolsheviks’ seizure of power in 1917? Explain your answer. A1. When the Bolsheviks seized power in the October Russian Read MoreThe August Revolution ( Russian ) Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe February Revolution (Russian: Ð ¤Ã µÃ ²Ã'€Ð °ÃŒ Ã »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ã'€Ð µÃ ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã'ŽÌ Ã'†Ð ¸Ã' ; IPA: [fÊ ²Ã‰ ªvˈralÊ ²skÉ™jÉ™ rÊ ²Ã‰ ªvÉ Ã‹Ë†lÊ ²utsÉ ¨jÉ™], known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution[2]) was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was centered on Petrograd (now known as St. Petersburg), then Russian capital, on Women s Day in March (late February in the Julian calendar).[3] The revolution was confined to the capital and its vicinity, and lasted less than a week. It involved mass demonstrationsRead MoreThe Russian Revolutions of 1917 Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Russian Revolutions of 1917 There were two revolutions that occurred in Russia in 1917. The first one, in February, overthrew the Russian monarchy. The second one, in October, created the world’s first Communist state. The Russian revolutions of 1917 involved a series of uprisings by workers and peasants throughout the country and by soldiers, who were predominantly of peasant origin, in the Russian army. Many of the uprisings were organized and led byRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 did not just suddenly happen overnight, just as there was no main reason why it happened. The Revolution was more like a virus or bad bacteria. At first you barely notice it, even though you know it is there, but soon it starts to multiply and take over your body and before you know it you have been diagnosed with a terminal illness. There are about 4 or 5 significant reasons why there was the revolution of 1917, with the Russian Tsar Nicolas II to be the blame forRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1295 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Following the Second World War, complications arose centering on the shifting of international power. The Soviet Union wanted to acquire additional territory, while the United States attempted to limit the gains desired by the soviets. This battle of ideology has resulted in an increase in National se curity, Diplomatic tension and Proxy wars between the two powerful nations.For over three hundred years, Russia had been controlled by an autocratic government known as the tsarist regime. This empireRead MoreFebruary Revolution: Causes1326 Words   |  6 PagesCAUSES OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION (1917)
                      
        

      The February Revolution of 1917 was first of the two revolutions in Russia in 1917, the revolution which began the transformation of the country. As an immediate result of this revolution, Tsar Nicholas II

The End Of The Civil Rights Act - 973 Words

The idea of subjecting and removing Black American men out of the Black household started during slavery. In 1950 and 1980 Blacks were marrying at the same rate that they were being imprisoned, after 1990 during the height of mandatory minimum sentencing laws there is a split in the number of Black marriages and Black men in prison (see appendix)(Marriage). Our criminal justice system has set up criminals for recidivism. According to the Bureau of Justice within three years, 7 in 10 non-violent offenders are arrested and at risk for recidivism. The passage of the Civil Rights Act ended discrimination against people based on religion, sex, race or sexual orientation, but not criminal history. Today it is legal for a person to be discriminated against for their criminal history. In fact most jobs ask someone for their criminal history, asking the dreaded question of â€Å"Have you ever committed a felony†? This question many times disqualifies people from having the resume or application considered. President Bill Clinton’s administration pushed through laws that made it tougher for felons to move on and have a better life by; banning them from public housing, receiving federal financial aid or even receiving food stamps. Many former convicts are also at risk of having a high rates of suicide and homelessness because many pr isons offer limited or no programs to attempt to help convicts with reentry into society. Mandatory minimum sentencing laws have incarcerated people forShow MoreRelatedIt has been 50 years since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 intended to end discrimination on the basis1100 Words   |  5 PagesIt has been 50 years since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 intended to end discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion sex or national origin. It ended racial segregation in the workplace, schools and in public venues, gave all Americans the right to vote, and protection against police brutality. The Civil Rights Act represents a national commitment to end discrimination in education and has resulted in removing barriers to educational opportunities for underrepresented populations of womenRead MoreSignificance Of The Reconstruction Act861 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction Acts – after the civil war four bills were passed by the United States Congress in 1867 in order to bring the country back together, providing the process and criteria that would allow the Southern states with the exception Tennessee, readmission into the Union. (Ohio Civil War Central, 2015) The significance of the Reconstruction act was the division of the south into five military districts; loyal freed male now allowed to vote, ex-confederate denied rights to hold office couldRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The 1950s And 1960s1183 Words   |  5 Pagesthe impact of the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s on the lives of African-Americans in that period. The Civil Rights movement refers to the movement which aimed to remove racial discrimination and segregation and improve the social, political, legal, and economic rights of black people in America . Although slavery had been abolished with the end of the Civil War , the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws kept black people and white people segregated from each other and the voting rights of African-AmericansRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was significant to African Americans because the act ended segregation in public places and ended employmen t prejudice based on the pigment of skin, national origin, gender, ethnicity, or/and religion. The Act was one of the most momentous events to impact African Americans on the account of bringing equality to minorities on paper and giving them opportunities to voice their political and community concerns. However, there were unforeseen consequences that added toRead MoreThe Legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.1123 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the Civil Rights Movement. He was put in jail for his non-violent civil rights campaigns, spoke out for racial justice, and tried to find an end to racial discrimination. King’s legacy is still known present day, and continues to be one of the most well known leaders. Throughout Martin Luther King Jr.’s lifetime and the Civil Rights Movement, King was devoted to abolish segregation, while bringing equality and justice for his fellow African Americans. With the use of Civil DisobedienceRead MoreChapter 22 Apush Key Terms1694 Words   |  7 Pagesone year after the end of the Civil War. At the end of the war, the Bureaus main role was providing emergency food, housing, and medical aid to refugees, though it also helped reunite families. Later, it focused its work on helping the freedmen adjust to their conditions of freedom. Its main job was setting up work opportunities and supervising labor contracts. 8. Exodusters Was a name given to African Americans who left the south[Kansas] in 1879 and 1880. After the end of ReconstructionRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1577 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the end of the Civil War, the most challenging, and equally important task for the federal government of the US was to reconstruct the defeated South and establish equality for the African Americans. A highly debated and crucial topic in this time period was the rights of the free black men to vote. â€Å"The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North –full political and civil equality for blacks and a denial of the political rights of whites who wereRead MoreHobbes And The State Of Nature1474 Words   |  6 Pageswhen he discusses the state of nature is a state in which there are no civil powers. To reach his conclusion about how the world would be in the state of nature, Hobbes first explains what human nature is and then explains the relat ionship between man and civil government. As Hobbes sees it men are naturally in conflict. Hobbes sees three reasons for this. They are competition, diffidence, and glory. Following from the right of nature, which states that all men have the liberty to promote theirRead MoreMarch on Washington and Selma Compare and Contrasts1110 Words   |  5 Pagesevents during those 100 years. Great progress was made during that time for the Civil Rights of all Americans. The two marches demonstrations involving large groups of people: a March on Washington D.C. and a March from Selma to Montgomery Alabama to gain color equality in the south. There are differences and similarities to consider. In many ways, the March on Washington was one of the most important parts of the civil rights movement. The focus of this march was to gain equality for Blacks in the SouthRead MoreThe Selma Incident Of The Civil Rights Movement1320 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribed by John Lewis, a longtime civil rights activist as â€Å"what comes at the end of the bridge in Selma†. (413) This was a reference to the incident on March 7th, 1965 when â€Å"police officers used clubs and tear gas against a group of civil rights demonstrators led by the reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. as they protested the denial of voting rights in Alabama.† (pg 95) However, news reports of this horrific incident helped galvanize support for the 1965 Voting Rights Act.† The Selma incident was just

Intelligence vs. Brain Size Free Essays

Intelligence vs. Brain size Project 2: Data Collection College Algebra 161 November 15, 2012 Intelligence vs. Brain size The Data Collection project was designed to teach students how to collect, and organize, describe and document data using Excel lists and graphs. We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence vs. Brain Size or any similar topic only for you Order Now I chose this particular subject to research to further my understanding of the evolution of human species. â€Å"Can intelligence and brain size be directly related, and as intelligence increases, what happens to the size of our brains? I conducted my research through the internet by searching for previous, creditable research by someone trained the in the field of Anthropology. The website that I found to have to most useful information needed to conduct an extensive research with adequate background history in the subject was Creation Studies. org. The website contained an article written by the institute’s chief technical advisor, Steven Rowitt, Th. M. , Ph. D. After reviewing the information contained in the article, I was able to formulate a hypothesis. My hypothesis is that as humans evolve, and intelligence increases, so does the size of the brain. The tools used in this project were the website from which I obtained the information and Microsoft excel which I used to document and chart the data. Using that data I was able to formulate a graph, and a mathematical model that could test and support my hypothesis. The graph shows you the trend of growth in brain size, per ____(one thousand years. However you decide to chart it)———- The mathematical model formulated from the graphed data, will allow future testing to see if the trend still continues, or if the size of a human brain reaches a maximum or minimum. The goal was to chart previous data collected by experts to support my hypothesis as well as predict and test the size of human brains in the future if the trend continued and develop a linear equation to represent the findings. I began by collecting 12 points of data of the average size of human brains at a specific time (years) in history. I recorded the average size of the brain in the year that correlated it. After collecting the data, I plotted the data in Excel and used a best line fit to give me a linear equation/linear regression model to represent my data. See table below: We entered the data is as follows: The independent variable was the number of rubber bands which represented the x axis. The dependent variable was how far the egg fell, which represented the y axis. We chose a domain of 0 to 25 because the number of rubber bands we used ranged from 0 bands to 15 bands. By choosing a domain or an x-axis of this amount, it gives you a graph that allows you to see the line past 15 rubber bands. We went with a range for of 0 to 90 inches because according to our data, the maximum number of inches that the egg dropped was 67 inches so in order to get a better picture of the data we extended the y-axis to 90 inches. The linear regression model that fitted our data was D(r) = 3. 948r + 5. 758, with the y-intercept being (0, 5. 758) and m= 3. 948 inches. Interpretation for the data in the context of the study based on our linear regression model, is at zero rubber bands, the egg would fall 5. 758 inches, and with each added rubber band the egg would fall an additional 3. 948 inches. To test this linear regression equation we were given a length of 67 inches. To mathematically solve for 67 inches to predict the number of rubber bands needed, we solved for (r) as follows: D(r) = 3. 948r + 5. 758 67(r) = 3. 948r + 5. 758 r = 15. 5 What we concluded from our mathematical prediction was that it would take 15. rubber bands to have a successful fall of 67 inches. Because it was not realistic to use 15. 5 rubber bands, we went with 15 instead. This was a realistic prediction because the length that the egg fell was 66 inches, without imposing any damage to the egg and leaving us 1 inch from the original test value of 67 inches. Had we used 16 rubber bands instead, based on our linear regression model which states that for every rubber band a dded the egg would fall an additional 3. 948 inches it would have left our fall around 69. 48 inches and as a result leaving us more than 2 inches from the original test value of 67 inches. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reasons for error in the project could be based on several components. The elasticity of the rubber bands varies from band to band which would cause a difference in the length of the fall and a change not resulting in a slope of 3. 948 inches. During the earlier part of the project, for an unknown reason, but not as a result of the test, the egg cracked, resulting in a possible change in the distribution of the weight of the egg and affecting the resulting length of the fall. And further more if our linear regression equation was tested in the future, the results may not be the same if another egg was used due to the mass of every egg varying. In summary, after testing several jumps involving a different number of rubber bands each time and recording the corresponding length of how far the egg fell we had enough data to plot a scatter graph and formulate a linear regression equation that we could test any hypothesis without having to repeat the project itself. Discoveries made during the project was the close comparison in the tested data and the mathematical equation formulated by using excel or a scientific calculator. For an example when we tested 1 rubber band, the egg fell 10. 5 inches. Using the equation to solve for the answer: D(r) = 3. 948(r) + 5. 758 D(r) = 3. 948(1) + 5. 758 D(r) = 9. 706 inches The experiment itself and the equation formulated from it, although not precise, it is an accurate representation of real outcomes of the amount of stretch in the rubber bands as shown in the comparison model above. How to cite Intelligence vs. Brain Size, Essay examples

Harmonized System Nomenclature and Classification †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Harmonized System Nomenclature and Classification. Answer: Introduction Harmonized system is an international multipurpose product nomenclature that was developed by World Customs Organizations (WCO) to classify the traded goods (WCO, 2017). The parts and accessories are products of metallic in nature. For instance, when referring to automotives are the non-essential parts that add to the functionality of the automotive according to (World Customs Organization, 2017). Goods like the parts and accessories must always be classified under a specific tariff by choosing the item numbers that should be accompanied by language descriptions that are the most appropriate and more specific to that particular product. The item number that is selected gives the amount of the duty that is to be put on goods. Despite the fact that several merchandise descriptions are provided in the available tariff statutes disputes, do arise in the classification process management of goods (HS 2002 Classification by Section (Classifications, Commodity Codes, Commodity Description, HS 2002, HS code search), 2017). The conflicts do arise from three major issues that include the determination of the appropriate tariff term meaning, deciding on the classification of the article that is covered by several item numbers. These items are more than one, and the final problem that arises in the classification of goods is the classification of the new product that was initially not in existence now that tariff was adopted (What is a tariff code?: UPS, 2017). Incorrect classification usually results in the imposition of border penalties or the seizures and the non-compliance penalties. In the process of approaching the issues that make the classification of goods a head, tools have been provided to improve the data that exists in two major ways (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding Systems (HS) (Classifications, Commodity Codes, Commodity Description, HS, HS code search, WCO), 2017). An algorithm which provides concordances between ten-digit Harmonized System codes that are used in the classification of goods in the international trade in the United States and SIC industry codes to classify the economic activities which are domestic. The other concordance is that between the HS codes and the SIC product or good used for the classification of United States manufacturing production management. Importance of the Harmonized system 200 countries and more as the basis for the customs tariffs and the purpose of collection of the international statistics of trade use the HS system, and more than 98% of the merchandise in the international trade uses the HS as the classification terms. The other benefit of the HS system is that it contributes positively to the harmonization of the customs and the trade procedure, as well as non-documentary trade interchange of data in connection with the procedures and therefore minimizing the costs that are related to the international trade (Harmonised System 2012, 2017). Harmonized systems are used by the private sector, international organizations and the government for the purposes that include trade policies, internal tax, origin rule, controlled goods monitoring, freight tariffs, price monitoring, transport statistics, economic research as well as analysis. Harmonized system classification is not always simple and easy, as it appears when people talk about it especially when it comes to the classification of the parts and accessories during the process (Memorandum D10-0-1 - Classification of Parts and Accessories in the Customs Tariff, 2017). The first challenge that is encountered in the classification is deciding on the classification of the article that is covered by several item numbers more than one. For instance, when it comes to the classification of the automotive parts, they are not classified under the 87.08 heading that provides for the parts and the accessories of most motor vehicles of 87.01 to 87.05 headings (Concepts and basics of Harmonised or HSN Codes for GST, 2017). The automotive parts are instead classified as furniture articles under the 94.01 headings that provides for the seats whether they are convertible to beds or not, and specifically, they are put under the 9401.20 subheading, which provides for the seats of that kind used for the motor vehicles. Because of this, the classification of parts and accessories becomes so challenging. The classification of the new product that was initially not in existence now the relevant tariff was adopted is another big issue that surrounds the classification process. This might be due to the inadequate description that is present on the invoice and the supporting information that can help in the whole process of the classification of the parts and accessories (HS 2002 Classification by Section (Classifications, Commodity Codes, Commodity Description, HS 2002, HS code search), 2017). Some resources might also be limited or unavailable for instance technical information, literature, as well as the classification data among others. Categorization of the relevant stock keeping units (SKUs) to facilitate the decision-making process with respect to forecasting and stock control and to help the managers to focus on important SKUs is yet another challenge. Despite the fact that this is a great challenge in the classification, it has been overlooked and it contributes significantly to the increase in the availability of the parts and accessories thus reducing the inventory costs (Harmonised System 2012, 2017).. The determination of the appropriate tariff term meaning is another big challenge that companies do face in during the classification of the parts and accessories because they need a specific tariff for the particular product by choosing the item number (World Customs Organization, 2017). The item number that is selected is the one that gives the amount of the duty that is to be put on goods. Conclusion Besides the customs tariff codes constituting the international trade language, they are used commonly for domestic taxes purposes like the sales and the consumption taxes of the company. In the current complex environment surrounding trade, classification of products remains to be a big challenge for majority of the companies, and this is because new products are being developed on a daily basis and their classification is becoming very difficult. Companies shouldlook out for new ways through which these challenges may be minimized to cut on the costs management. References Concepts and basics of Harmonised or HSN Codes for GST. (2017). Gst4u.in. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.gst4u.in/hsn Harmonised System 2012. (2017). Stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/classifications-and-standards/classification-related-stats-standards/harmonised-system-2012.aspx Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding Systems (HS) (Classifications, Commodity Codes, Commodity Description, HS, HS code search, WCO). (2017). Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradekb/Knowledgebase/Harmonized-Commodity-Description-and-Coding-Systems-HS?Keywords=HS%20code%20search HS 2002 Classification by Section (Classifications, Commodity Codes, Commodity Description, HS 2002, HS code search). (2017). Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradekb/Knowledgebase/50043/HS-2002-Classification-by-Section Memorandum D10-0-1 - Classification of Parts and Accessories in the Customs Tariff. (2017). Cbsa-asfc.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d10/d10-0-1-eng.html Rim, K., Kim, H., Chung, Y. (2013). Micronucleus Test for the Classification of Chemical Mutagenicity according to Globally Harmonized System. Journal Of Applied Biological Chemistry, 56(4), 191-197. https://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2013.031 What is a tariff code?: UPS. (2017). Ups.com. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.ups.com/us/en/help-center/sri/itl15.page World Customs Organization. (2017). Wcoomd.org. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2017-edition/hs-nomenclature-2017-edition.aspx

Examine Lawrences use of the theme of journeying in his later poetry Essay Example

Examine Lawrences use of the theme of journeying in his later poetry Essay By this time, Lawrence was in the last year of his life. He was expecting to die, but he had no religious relief in an afterlife he severely doubted the Catholic religion in which he was brought up. The poems from Last Poems are his way of reassuring himself that death is simply another stage in the journey through life. He was fascinated by the Ancient culture, especially the Greeks, and transformed their mythology and beliefs into his own religion and belief in an afterlife.In The Ship of Death Lawrence is focusing on the Egyptian idea of the dead travelling by a ship of death to their next life. The people journeyed on and had an afterlife. In ancient Egypt, bodies were buried with goods that they expected to take with them on their journey:with food, with little cakes and wine, A little ship, with oars and foodand little dishes, and all accoutrementsIn this way, the people had a means of preparing themselves for death. Death was thought of as neither happiness nor torture, but a natural continuation of life. The Egyptians were prepared and had a strong belief in their next life. D.H Lawrence longed to know what was ahead of him, but as he had no clear idea ( the long journey towards oblivion), he could not prepare himself fully. In this poem, he sees the journey of death as something frightening, grim frost, bruised body, our soul cowers naked, the long and painful death. But he also realises that it is a necessary part of life, and he tells us that:We are dying, we are dying, so all we can dois now to be willing to die, and to build the shipIt is as though there is no hope anymore, so he has to face up to the unknown journey that is inevitable.The ship sails on the dark and endless ocean of the end, implying that he sees the journey as an ongoing one, into eternity. However, there is a paradox in the poem: towards the end, the ship sails out of eternity and out of oblivion. Perhaps Lawrence feels that, for those whose faith is strong enough to withstand t he dark flood, the grim frost and the painful death there is an afterlife, but for those whose faith is weak, It is the end, it is oblivion. It has parallels with the Biblical account of Noahs Ark, in which an ark is prepared by a man with strong faith, so that when the flood comes, he survives, but the other non-believer and sinful people are doomed. D.H Lawrence uses the same idea: that self-preparation is essential, O build your ship of death, for you will need it. Perhaps he is desperate to become a believer, so that he will not be doomed.In the final verses of the poem, the death-flood becomes the pink flood. The mood has heightened and Lawrence sees an alternative ending:and the frail soul steps out, into her house againfilling the heart with peace.He sees the soul as being the same entity as the human, but at a later stage in its development in the same way that a chrysalis becomes a butterfly,and the body, like a worn sea-shellemerges strange and lovely.The soul has found i ts resting place and the little ship wings home. The use of the word home suggests that Lawrence imagined the after-life to be in a place that he recognised, that he knew. In other words, here on earth. In The Ship of Death, the journey is a terrifying experience, but at the end of it, one can come out of oblivion and find peace.However, later on, Lawrence begins to believe in a more natural type of journey, as he begins to look at the ancient Greeks way of life. The Greeks symbolise adventure and this is how Lawrence begins to view the journey of death. He retains the image of the ship and the journey throughout most of these poems, because the Greeks voyages provide him with a symbol for the journey of death. For example, in the poem The Argonauts, Lawrence envisages them as having lived on: They are not dead! The Argonauts, led by Jason, are still on their never-ending journey (following on from the theme of eternity in The Ship of Death), but for them, the voyage is a glorious o ne: Odysseus..steers the ship he is a Greek hero.

Power of Plutonium

Power of Plutonium Free Online Research Papers I believe that we should we begin to manufacture one of the most destructive and powerful elements on the planet again? Nuclear chemists and engineers say yes, but the public says no. The United States stopped making this element with the United Nations ban on manufacturing nuclear weapons. But, with the continuing problem with our thinning energy resources, some want us to begin using more nuclear energy and less energy from natural resources. This paper is going to discuss what plutonium is, the advantages and disadvantages of its use, and why we should think about restarting our production of this useful element. during World War two United States dropped two nuclear bombs, Fat Man and Little Boy on Japan ending the war, the public has had some type of understanding about the power of plutonium and its devastating properties, but that is all anyone heard. After WWII, Americans started to think about what the atomic bomb could do to the people of the United States. When the U.S. started to build more reactors and produce more of the substance but mostly for our nuclear weapons programs. But some times this reaction can get out of hand, this is called a melt down. this can produce harmful effects if it isnt controlled quickly enough. After such instances as the Hanford, Washington reactor meltdown and the accident in the U.S.S.R. at Chernobyl. The United States government banned nuclear testing and also ended the production of plutonium.(Ref. 5) Now we have a problem. We are in need of future sources of energy to power our nation. We are running out of coal and oil to run our power plants.(Ref. 7) We also need it to further our space exploration program. People need to understand the advantages to using plutonium and that the disadvantages are not as catastrophic as they seem. With the turn of the century on its way, the reemergence of plutonium production will need to be a reality for us to continue our way of life. In 1941, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered something that would change our planet forever. Glenn T. Seaborg, is credited for the discovery of the element plutonium.(ref. 10) Plutonium, or Pu #94 on the periodic table, is one of the most unstable elements on the earth. Plutonium is made when Uranium 235, absorbs a neutron. Plutonium is a silver metal that has a very high density of 19.816 g/cm3.(ref. 10 ) It is rarely found in the earths crust but the majority of the substance has to be produced by man at the core of nuclear reactors. Plutonium can be found fifteen different forms, or isotopes and their mass number can range from 232-246.(ref. 13) Radionuclide batteries used in pacemakers use Pu-238, while Pu-239 is used in reactors and for Nuclear weapons.(ref. 13) This paper will focus on the isotopes Pu-238 and Pu-239. Plutonium can be very helpful to the United States. there are many reasons for its use. The three major advantages to using this element are for an energy source, power for nuclear propulsion in space exploration and thermo-electric generators in cardiac pacemakers. The first use for plutonium, nuclear power, is obviously the most beneficial use. Plutonium 239 can be used to power nuclear reactors. The average nuclear reactor cont ains about 325 kilograms of plutonium within its uranium fuel.(ref. 7) This complements the uranium fission process. With the continually decreasing supply of coal and oil to power our nation, we need a substitute to complement our energy needs and right now the best replacement is that of nuclear energy.(ref. 7) At the moment there are one hundred and ten nuclear power plants in the United States and they produce one-fifth of the nations electricity. Nuclear energy has been proven to be the cheapest, safest, cleanest and probably the most efficient source of energy.(ref. 7) Nuclear power plants do not use as much fuel as the plants burning coal and oil. One ton of uranium produces more energy than several million tons of coal and plutonium can produce much more energy than uranium.(ref. 12) Also the burning of coal and oil pollute our air and the last thing we need is more pollution to worsen the greenhouse effect. Nuclear power plants cannot contaminate the environment because they do not release any type of pollution.(ref. 2) Plutonium can also be recycled by using a enrichment process. This will produce even more energy. Coal and oil can not be recycled. What is left by their uses is what has been contaminating our atmosphere since the 1800s. You might ask how exactly is plutonium converted into an energy source? Well it is obviously quite complicated to explain. Basically, power comes from the fission process of an atom of the element and produces over ten million times the energy produced by an atom of carbon from coal. One kilogram of plutonium co nsumed for three years in a reactor can produce heat to give ten million kilowatt-hours of electricity. This amount is enough to power over one-thousand Australian households.(ref. 7) Presented with this information, it is only common sense that we should not depend upon fossil fuels to take us into the 21st century. It is obvious that our future lies in the hands of nuclear reactors and the use of plutonium. The second major use for plutonium is for space exploration with its ability to power nuclear propulsion. Nuclear electric propulsion is using energy from plutonium to power space vehicles.(ref. 3) One of the major goals of NASA space program is to, one day, get to Mars, and it looks like the only way it is going to happen in our current fiscal condition, is if we use plutonium, instead of chemical fuel, to power our explorations. Nuclear electric propulsion can be defined as using small plutonium based bricks, to power space vehicles for interplanetary trips. Nuclear electric systems provide very low thrust levels and use only very small amounts of fuel during the voyage.(ref. 3,4) Using electric propulsion also allows the use of less fuel making the spacecrafts launch weight much lower than it would be with chemical fuel.(ref. 3) The last beneficial use for plutonium is for cardiac pacemakers. The thermo-electric generator, which is powered by radionuclide batteries, that powers the pacemaker uses Pu-238. One of the obvious uses of plutonium, whether is an advantage or disadvantage, is for weaponry. It is an advantage if we need to use it against a foe, but it is disadvantageous is our foes use it against the United States. Now that we are at the hands of the Non-proliferation Treaty and the Test Ban Treaty, we no longer can make and/or test nuclear weapons. (Ref. 5) This should help end ideas about nuclear war and other disadvantages to having plutonium in other country’s supplies. Now that we have recognized three important uses for Plutonium and that the threat of nuclear war is no longer as feasible as before, we should recognize the disadvantages of this great energy source. They mostly have to do with excess waste and health effects from the use of nuclear energy. In 1986, a reactor located in Russia at the Chernobyl power plant had a meltdown and radiation escaped from the plant.(ref. 8) Several dozen died from this incident. Nuclear explosions produce radiation. When it comes within human contact, radiation hurts cells, which can sicken people. The cause of the Chernobyl meltdown was mostly because of human error. They tried to perform an experiment at a time when they shouldnt have, and many people paid for their incompetence. There are waste disposal problems that occur with the use of nuclear reactors. Waste also produces radiation, which can be lethal. Since waste ca n hurt and kill people who come in contact with the substance, it cannot be thrown away in a dumpster like other garbage. Waste has to be put in cooling pools or storage tanks at the site of the reactors. Another problem is that the reactors can last for a maximum of fifty years. Even though plutonium is chemically hazardous and produces harmful radiation, it isnt close to being the most toxic substance on the planet. Such substances as caffeine or radiation from smoke detectors, that have the same amount of mass as plutonium, can have a greater toxicity. (Ref. 2) There are basically three ways plutonium can hurt humans. The first is ingestion. Ingestion, though not totally safe, it is not as bad as we think. The fact is, plutonium passes through the stomach and intestines and cannot be absorbed and therefore, is released with other waste we produce.(ref. 1) The second route plutonium can take to be hazardous is through open wounds. This form of contact is very rare and basically cannot happen if the element is handled correctly with protective measures such as correct clothing and health monitor procedures.(ref. 1) The last, main threat to our society comes from inhalation. If inhale d, plutonium is exhaled on the next breath or gotten rid off through the spit flow from the throat and bronchial system and released as with ingestion. But if some could get trapped and put into the blood stream or lymph nodes.(ref. 1) This has the possibility to cause cancer in the future. This might sound frightening, but what we need to realize is that inhaling this type of substance is part of some of our daily lives. The problem of inhaling Pu-239 isnt much different than inhaling such radio nuclides like decaying particles from radon. Radon is a radioactive gas that can cause cancer. (Ref. 6) It comes from the decay of uranium in soil, rock and water. Inhaling this substance can damage your lungs and lead to cancer over a lifetime. The gas can affect everyone, no matter where you live, work or go to school. If you live in a brick house, you could be taking a serious risk if you dont get the radon level tested. A 1990 National Safety Council report showed that radon causes, on the average, approximately 14,000 deaths a year and can go as high as 30,000 deaths a year.(ref. 6) After learning about what radon gas can do to humans, shouldnt we be more concerned about what a naturally occurring substance can do rather than worrying about what plutonium, and its rare contamination might do. Also, how many American citizens will actually have a chance to come in contact with any plutonium isotope in their lifetime? As you can see, if we start to produce plutonium once again, we will benefit greatly from its use. We can use it to help power nuclear reactors, which can power our nation. It can also be recycled and used once again which is one thing fossil fuels cannot do. Nuclear electric propulsion and its use of plutonium will help power space exploration into the next century and maybe even get us to Mars. Pu-238 is also helpful in powering cardiac pacemakers, one of the great biomedical inventions of the1900s. With these constructive and productive uses, we sh ouldnt even debate on the fact that we need plutonium for the future. You may think that by producing plutonium, it will automatically go toward our nuclear weapons program. With non-proliferation and testing banned, this, obviously, is no longer an option. What about nuclear waste and radiation exposure? Well, unless an individual does not use safety precautions and other preventive measures when and if he handles the substance, he or she shouldnt expect anything less of radiation poisoning and contamination. If youre still concerned about exposure to nuclear radiation, youre in for a big surprise when you find out you cant avoid it. There is more of a chance you will die from radon gas than there is from plutonium.(ref. 6) After considering all these factors, whether they are advantages or disadvantages, it is obvious that the use of plutonium is, in fact, feasible and the disadvantages are highly unlikely to affect your health and well being. You probably should be more worried about dying in an automobile accident or a plane crash. Bibliography 1.) http://world-nuclear.org/reference/pdf/uoc-study.pdf 2.) laplace.ee.latrobe.edu.au:8080/~khstatements/perspectives -on-plutonium.html (A Perspective on the Dangers of Plutonium) 3.) letrs.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/LeTRS/browse.pl?1994/E-8242.html (Nuclear Electric Propulsion) 4.) spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov/NASA. Projeicles/Proposes.Sysytems/Nuclear.Propulsion ( NASA fact sheet, Dec. 1991) 5.) tqd.advanced.org/3471.nuclear_politics_body.html (Nuclear Politics) 6.) www.epa.gov/docs?RadonPubs/citquide.txt.html (Citizens Guide to Radon) 7.)www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/nuclear-faq.html (Questions about Nuclear Energy) 8.) www.ieer.org/ieer/fctsheet/fm_hlth.html (IEER: Fissile Materials Health Environmental Dangers) 9.) www.nucmet.com/CompOver.html (NMI Company Overview) 10.) www.teleport.com/~aaugiee/plu.htm (Background on Pu-238/239) 11.) www.uilondon.org/nfc.html (The Nuclear Fuel Cycle) 12.) www.uilondon.org/ci3_plu.html (Core Issues no.3, The Uranium Institute 1995) 13.) www.uic.com.au/nip18.htm (Plutonium) C/ENS Zack Beecher Bn Public Affairs Officer Capt. 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